How Large is the Universe? Bigger than you can Imagine?

How Large is the Universe? Bigger than you can Imagine?



 What is this Universe?

 

Every one of us is somewhat wondering about the universe all around us and is often involved in thinking about the different aspects of the universe.

Everyone has a question in his mind “What is the universe and what is it made from?”

There is some sort of answer to this question in the following lines for exploration and consideration by fellow beings.

The universe is everything. It incorporates all of the room and all the matter and energy that space contains. It even incorporates time itself and, obviously, it incorporates every one of us. Earth and the Moon are essential for the universe, similar to different planets and their large number of moons.

The universe all around us is all of reality and its items, including planets, stars, cosmic systems, and any remaining types of issues and energy. The Theory of prehistoric cosmic detonation is the predominant cosmological portrayal of the advancement of the universe.

Why the universe is called the universe?

The reason for calling the universe the universe known to be comes from two sources. The word universe comes from the Old French word universe, which thusly comes from the Latin word universus, signifying 'consolidated into one'. The Latin word 'universum' was utilized by Cicero and later Latin creators in a significant number of similar faculties as the cutting-edge English word is utilized.

 


What made a universe?

The universe is made all the way out of dim energy, dull matter, and common matter. Different items are electromagnetic radiation (assessed to comprise from 0.005% to near 0.01% of the complete mass energy of the universe) and antimatter.

Astrophysicists gauge dull matter records for 85% to 90 percent of all the matter in the known universe. Researchers, nonetheless, have for the most part been not able to identify the secret material on the grounds that its frail cooperation with the electromagnetic power is elusive, best case scenario.

 


What are the 3 types of universe?

There are basically three possible shapes to the Universe; a flat Universe (Euclidean or zero curvature), a spherical or closed Universe (positive curvature), or a hyperbolic or open Universe (negative curvature).

 


What is beyond the universe?

To respond to the subject of what's external to the universe, we first need to characterize precisely the exact thing we mean by "universe." Assuming you interpret it as meaning in a real sense everything that might actually exist in reality, then, at that point, there can't be anything outside the universe. Regardless of whether you envision the universe to have some limited size, and you envision something outside that volume, then whatever is outside likewise must be remembered for the universe.

 

Regardless of whether the universe is a nebulous, unclear, anonymous drained of literally nothing, that is as yet a thing and is relied on the rundown of "the multitude of things" — and, thus, is, by definition, a piece of the universe.

 

Assuming the universe is endless in size, you don't actually have to stress over this problem. The universe, being everything that matters, is boundlessly enormous and has no edge, so there's no outside to try and discuss.

 

Gracious, sure, there's an outside to our detectable fix of the universe. The universe is just so old and light just voyages so quickly. Thus, throughout the entire existence of the universe, we haven't gotten light from each and every world. The ongoing width of the detectable universe is around 90 billion light-years. What's more, probably, past that limit, there are a lot of other irregular stars and cosmic systems.

 

What is beyond the edge of the universe?

As may be obvious, there is no edge to the universe. Space fans out endlessly this way and that. Besides, systems occupy all of the space throughout the whole limitless universe. This end is reached by coherently consolidating two perceptions.

  

In the first place, the piece of the universe that we can see is uniform and level on the astronomical scale. The consistency of the universe implies that system bunches are fanned out pretty much equitably on the grandiose scale. The evenness of the universe implies that the calculation of space-time isn't bent or distorted on the inestimable scale. This implies that the universe doesn't fold over and interface with itself like the outer layer of a circle, which would prompt a limited universe.

 

The evenness of the universe is really a consequence of the consistency of the universe since concentrated assortments of mass reason space-time to be bent. Moons, planets, stars, and worlds are instances of concentrated assortments of mass, and consequently, they really do to be sure twist space and time nearby around them. Notwithstanding, these items are so little contrasted with the enormous scope, that the space-time distortion they cause is immaterial on the astronomical scale. On the off chance that you are normal over each of the moons, planets, stars, and systems in the universe to get a huge scope articulation for the mass dissemination of the universe, you view it as steady.

 

The subsequent perception is that our side of the universe isn't extraordinary or unique. Starting from the piece of the universe that we can see is level and uniform, and since our side of the universe isn't exceptional; all pieces of the universe should be level and uniform. The main way for the universe to be level and uniform in a real sense is for the universe to be boundless and have no edge. This end is difficult for our weak human personalities to understand, yet it is the most obvious end result offered the logical viewpoints. On the off chance that you flew a spaceship in an orderly fashion through space perpetually, you could never arrive at a wall, a limit, an edge, or even a district of the universe without cosmic system gatherings.

 

Yet, how could the universe have no edge on the off chance that it was made in the huge explosion? In the event that the universe began as limited in size, shouldn't it actually be limited? The response is that the universe didn't begin as limited in size. The Enormous detonation dislikes a bomb on a table detonating and growing to occupy a room with garbage. The Enormous detonation didn't occur at one point in the universe. It happened wherever in the universe without a moment's delay. Thus, the remainder of the huge explosion, the astronomical microwave foundation radiation, exists wherever in space. Indeed, even today, we can take a gander at any side of the universe and see the vast microwave foundation radiation. The touchy development of the universe was not the situation of an actual item venturing into space. Rather, it was an instance of the room itself extending. The universe began as an endlessly enormous article and has developed into a considerably bigger vastly huge item. While it is hard for people to comprehend boundlessness, it is an entirely legitimate numerical and logical idea. To be sure, it is an entirely sensible idea in science for an element with limitless size to increment in size.

 

Note that people can see part of the whole universe. We consider this part the "discernible universe." Since light goes at a limited speed, it requires a specific measure of investment for light to travel a particular distance. Many focuses in the universe are just up until this point away that light from these focuses has not had sufficient opportunity yet starting from the start of the universe to arrive at Earth. What's more, since the light goes at the extremely quickest speed conceivable, this implies that no kind of data or sign had the opportunity and willpower to arrive at the earth from these distant places. Such areas are at present essentially outside our circle of perception, for example beyond our recognizable universe. Each area in the universe has its own circle of perception past which it can't see. Since our discernible universe isn't limitless, it has an edge. It is not necessarily the case that there is a mass of energy or a monster gorge at the edge of our perceptible universe. The edge basically denotes the splitting line between areas that earthlings can as of now see and areas that we presently can't. What's more, despite the fact that our perceptible universe has an edge, the universe in general is limitless and has no edge.

 


As time walks on, an ever-increasing number of focuses in space possess had energy for their light to contact us. Along these lines, our perceptible universe is continually expanding in size. You might think subsequently that after an unending length of time of time, the whole universe will be discernible to people. There is, nonetheless, a confusion that forestalls this. The actual universe is as yet extending. Albeit the ongoing extension of the universe isn't as quick as during the Enormous detonation, it is comparably genuine and significant. Because of the development of the universe, all world gatherings are moving ceaselessly farther away from one another. Numerous cosmic systems are so distant from the Earth that the extension of the universe makes them subside from the Earth at a speed quicker than light. While extraordinary relativity keeps two neighborhood objects from truly voyaging quicker than the speed of light compared with one another, it doesn't keep two far-off objects from voyaging away from one another quicker than the speed of light because of the development of the universe. Since these far-off systems are subsiding away from Earth at a speed quicker than light, the light from these universes won't ever contact us, regardless of how long we stand by. In this manner, these systems will constantly be beyond our recognizable universe. One more approach to saying this is that although the size of the discernible universe is expanding, the size of the genuine universe is additionally expanding. The edge of the perceptible universe can't stay aware of the extension of the universe so numerous cosmic systems are endlessly past our perception. Regardless of this restriction on observational capacities, the actual universe actually has no edge.





For more posts, click here... 

1.       https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2023/08/sun-moving-star-in-universe.html

2.       https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2023/09/a-journey-around-milky-way.html

3.       https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2023/09/facts-about-asteriods.html

4.       https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2023/09/how-large-is-universe-bigger-than-you.html

5.       https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2023/09/how-we-found-earths-location-in-milky.html

6.       https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2023/09/solar-system-vs-galaxy.html

7.       https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2023/09/journey-to-andromeda-galaxy-faster-than.html

8.       https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2023/10/10-paradoxes-that-will-stretch-your.html

9.       https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2023/10/the-whole-history-of-earth-and-life.html

10.   https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2023/10/the-early-universe-and-formation-of.html

11.   https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2023/10/the-early-universe-and-formation-of.html

12.   https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2023/10/if-universe-formed-from-nothing-who.html

13.   https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2023/10/jupiters-ocean-moons.html

14.   https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2023/12/the-most-powerful-black-holes-in.html

15.   https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2023/12/important-facts-about-jupiter.html

16.   https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2024/03/nasas-asteroid-hunting-telescope-is.html

17.   https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2024/04/neutron-star-collision-can-annihilate.html

18.   https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2024/05/the-special-facts-about-saturn-rings.html

19.   https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2024/05/moons-of-moons-could-exist-and.html

20.   https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2024/05/3d-atomic-details-of-next-generation.html

21.   https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2024/05/searching-for-life-on-mars-and-its.html

22.   https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2024/05/chinas-secret-space-plane-deploys-6.html

23.   https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2024/05/spacex-launches-200-rockets-first-time.html

24.   https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2024/05/unveiling-secrets-of-moons-in-depth.html

 



 What is this Universe?

 

Every one of us is somewhat wondering about the universe all around us and is often involved in thinking about the different aspects of the universe.

Everyone has a question in his mind “What is the universe and what is it made from?”

There is some sort of answer to this question in the following lines for exploration and consideration by fellow beings.

The universe is everything. It incorporates all of the room and all the matter and energy that space contains. It even incorporates time itself and, obviously, it incorporates every one of us. Earth and the Moon are essential for the universe, similar to different planets and their large number of moons.

The universe all around us is all of reality and its items, including planets, stars, cosmic systems, and any remaining types of issues and energy. The Theory of prehistoric cosmic detonation is the predominant cosmological portrayal of the advancement of the universe.

Why the universe is called the universe?

The reason for calling the universe the universe known to be comes from two sources. The word universe comes from the Old French word universe, which thusly comes from the Latin word universus, signifying 'consolidated into one'. The Latin word 'universum' was utilized by Cicero and later Latin creators in a significant number of similar faculties as the cutting-edge English word is utilized.

 


What made a universe?

The universe is made all the way out of dim energy, dull matter, and common matter. Different items are electromagnetic radiation (assessed to comprise from 0.005% to near 0.01% of the complete mass energy of the universe) and antimatter.

Astrophysicists gauge dull matter records for 85% to 90 percent of all the matter in the known universe. Researchers, nonetheless, have for the most part been not able to identify the secret material on the grounds that its frail cooperation with the electromagnetic power is elusive, best case scenario.

 


What are the 3 types of universe?

There are basically three possible shapes to the Universe; a flat Universe (Euclidean or zero curvature), a spherical or closed Universe (positive curvature), or a hyperbolic or open Universe (negative curvature).

 


What is beyond the universe?

To respond to the subject of what's external to the universe, we first need to characterize precisely the exact thing we mean by "universe." Assuming you interpret it as meaning in a real sense everything that might actually exist in reality, then, at that point, there can't be anything outside the universe. Regardless of whether you envision the universe to have some limited size, and you envision something outside that volume, then whatever is outside likewise must be remembered for the universe.

 

Regardless of whether the universe is a nebulous, unclear, anonymous drained of literally nothing, that is as yet a thing and is relied on the rundown of "the multitude of things" — and, thus, is, by definition, a piece of the universe.

 

Assuming the universe is endless in size, you don't actually have to stress over this problem. The universe, being everything that matters, is boundlessly enormous and has no edge, so there's no outside to try and discuss.

 

Gracious, sure, there's an outside to our detectable fix of the universe. The universe is just so old and light just voyages so quickly. Thus, throughout the entire existence of the universe, we haven't gotten light from each and every world. The ongoing width of the detectable universe is around 90 billion light-years. What's more, probably, past that limit, there are a lot of other irregular stars and cosmic systems.

 

What is beyond the edge of the universe?

As may be obvious, there is no edge to the universe. Space fans out endlessly this way and that. Besides, systems occupy all of the space throughout the whole limitless universe. This end is reached by coherently consolidating two perceptions.

  

In the first place, the piece of the universe that we can see is uniform and level on the astronomical scale. The consistency of the universe implies that system bunches are fanned out pretty much equitably on the grandiose scale. The evenness of the universe implies that the calculation of space-time isn't bent or distorted on the inestimable scale. This implies that the universe doesn't fold over and interface with itself like the outer layer of a circle, which would prompt a limited universe.

 

The evenness of the universe is really a consequence of the consistency of the universe since concentrated assortments of mass reason space-time to be bent. Moons, planets, stars, and worlds are instances of concentrated assortments of mass, and consequently, they really do to be sure twist space and time nearby around them. Notwithstanding, these items are so little contrasted with the enormous scope, that the space-time distortion they cause is immaterial on the astronomical scale. On the off chance that you are normal over each of the moons, planets, stars, and systems in the universe to get a huge scope articulation for the mass dissemination of the universe, you view it as steady.

 

The subsequent perception is that our side of the universe isn't extraordinary or unique. Starting from the piece of the universe that we can see is level and uniform, and since our side of the universe isn't exceptional; all pieces of the universe should be level and uniform. The main way for the universe to be level and uniform in a real sense is for the universe to be boundless and have no edge. This end is difficult for our weak human personalities to understand, yet it is the most obvious end result offered the logical viewpoints. On the off chance that you flew a spaceship in an orderly fashion through space perpetually, you could never arrive at a wall, a limit, an edge, or even a district of the universe without cosmic system gatherings.

 

Yet, how could the universe have no edge on the off chance that it was made in the huge explosion? In the event that the universe began as limited in size, shouldn't it actually be limited? The response is that the universe didn't begin as limited in size. The Enormous detonation dislikes a bomb on a table detonating and growing to occupy a room with garbage. The Enormous detonation didn't occur at one point in the universe. It happened wherever in the universe without a moment's delay. Thus, the remainder of the huge explosion, the astronomical microwave foundation radiation, exists wherever in space. Indeed, even today, we can take a gander at any side of the universe and see the vast microwave foundation radiation. The touchy development of the universe was not the situation of an actual item venturing into space. Rather, it was an instance of the room itself extending. The universe began as an endlessly enormous article and has developed into a considerably bigger vastly huge item. While it is hard for people to comprehend boundlessness, it is an entirely legitimate numerical and logical idea. To be sure, it is an entirely sensible idea in science for an element with limitless size to increment in size.

 

Note that people can see part of the whole universe. We consider this part the "discernible universe." Since light goes at a limited speed, it requires a specific measure of investment for light to travel a particular distance. Many focuses in the universe are just up until this point away that light from these focuses has not had sufficient opportunity yet starting from the start of the universe to arrive at Earth. What's more, since the light goes at the extremely quickest speed conceivable, this implies that no kind of data or sign had the opportunity and willpower to arrive at the earth from these distant places. Such areas are at present essentially outside our circle of perception, for example beyond our recognizable universe. Each area in the universe has its own circle of perception past which it can't see. Since our discernible universe isn't limitless, it has an edge. It is not necessarily the case that there is a mass of energy or a monster gorge at the edge of our perceptible universe. The edge basically denotes the splitting line between areas that earthlings can as of now see and areas that we presently can't. What's more, despite the fact that our perceptible universe has an edge, the universe in general is limitless and has no edge.

 


As time walks on, an ever-increasing number of focuses in space possess had energy for their light to contact us. Along these lines, our perceptible universe is continually expanding in size. You might think subsequently that after an unending length of time of time, the whole universe will be discernible to people. There is, nonetheless, a confusion that forestalls this. The actual universe is as yet extending. Albeit the ongoing extension of the universe isn't as quick as during the Enormous detonation, it is comparably genuine and significant. Because of the development of the universe, all world gatherings are moving ceaselessly farther away from one another. Numerous cosmic systems are so distant from the Earth that the extension of the universe makes them subside from the Earth at a speed quicker than light. While extraordinary relativity keeps two neighborhood objects from truly voyaging quicker than the speed of light compared with one another, it doesn't keep two far-off objects from voyaging away from one another quicker than the speed of light because of the development of the universe. Since these far-off systems are subsiding away from Earth at a speed quicker than light, the light from these universes won't ever contact us, regardless of how long we stand by. In this manner, these systems will constantly be beyond our recognizable universe. One more approach to saying this is that although the size of the discernible universe is expanding, the size of the genuine universe is additionally expanding. The edge of the perceptible universe can't stay aware of the extension of the universe so numerous cosmic systems are endlessly past our perception. Regardless of this restriction on observational capacities, the actual universe actually has no edge.





For more posts, click here... 

1.       https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2023/08/sun-moving-star-in-universe.html

2.       https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2023/09/a-journey-around-milky-way.html

3.       https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2023/09/facts-about-asteriods.html

4.       https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2023/09/how-large-is-universe-bigger-than-you.html

5.       https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2023/09/how-we-found-earths-location-in-milky.html

6.       https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2023/09/solar-system-vs-galaxy.html

7.       https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2023/09/journey-to-andromeda-galaxy-faster-than.html

8.       https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2023/10/10-paradoxes-that-will-stretch-your.html

9.       https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2023/10/the-whole-history-of-earth-and-life.html

10.   https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2023/10/the-early-universe-and-formation-of.html

11.   https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2023/10/the-early-universe-and-formation-of.html

12.   https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2023/10/if-universe-formed-from-nothing-who.html

13.   https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2023/10/jupiters-ocean-moons.html

14.   https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2023/12/the-most-powerful-black-holes-in.html

15.   https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2023/12/important-facts-about-jupiter.html

16.   https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2024/03/nasas-asteroid-hunting-telescope-is.html

17.   https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2024/04/neutron-star-collision-can-annihilate.html

18.   https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2024/05/the-special-facts-about-saturn-rings.html

19.   https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2024/05/moons-of-moons-could-exist-and.html

20.   https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2024/05/3d-atomic-details-of-next-generation.html

21.   https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2024/05/searching-for-life-on-mars-and-its.html

22.   https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2024/05/chinas-secret-space-plane-deploys-6.html

23.   https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2024/05/spacex-launches-200-rockets-first-time.html

24.   https://planetarysciencehub.blogspot.com/2024/05/unveiling-secrets-of-moons-in-depth.html

 

Post a Comment

0 Comments

Everything You Need to Know About the Boeing Starliner Crew Flight Test Schedule
Boeing Starliner Crew Flight Test 2024: Detailed Timeline and Updates
SpaceX Launches 200 Rockets, First Time in History
Runaway greenhouse effect could turn Earth into an uninhabitable hell
("
").addClass(d.navContainerClass).prependTo(this._controls.$container),this._controls.$next=a("<"+d.navElement+">"),this._controls.$previous=this._controls.$next.clone(),this._controls.$previous.addClass(d.navClass[0]).html(d.navText[0]).hide().prependTo(b).on("click",a.proxy(function(){this.prev(d.navSpeed)},this)),this._controls.$next.addClass(d.navClass[1]).html(d.navText[1]).hide().appendTo(b).on("click",a.proxy(function(){this.next(d.navSpeed)},this));for(c in this._overrides)this._core[c]=a.proxy(this[c],this)},b.prototype.destroy=function(){var a,b,c,d;for(a in this._handlers)this.$element.off(a,this._handlers[a]);for(b in this._controls)this._controls[b].remove();for(d in this.overides)this._core[d]=this._overrides[d];for(c in Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this))"function"!=typeof this[c]&&(this[c]=null)},b.prototype.update=function(){var a,b,c,d=this._core.settings,e=this._core.clones().length/2,f=e+this._core.items().length,g=d.center||d.autoWidth||d.dotData?1:d.dotsEach||d.items;if("page"!==d.slideBy&&(d.slideBy=Math.min(d.slideBy,d.items)),d.dots||"page"==d.slideBy)for(this._pages=[],a=e,b=0,c=0;f>a;a++)(b>=g||0===b)&&(this._pages.push({start:a-e,end:a-e+g-1}),b=0,++c),b+=this._core.mergers(this._core.relative(a))},b.prototype.draw=function(){var b,c,d="",e=this._core.settings,f=(this._core.$stage.children(),this._core.relative(this._core.current()));if(!e.nav||e.loop||e.navRewind||(this._controls.$previous.toggleClass("disabled",0>=f),this._controls.$next.toggleClass("disabled",f>=this._core.maximum())),this._controls.$previous.toggle(e.nav),this._controls.$next.toggle(e.nav),e.dots){if(b=this._pages.length-this._controls.$indicators.children().length,e.dotData&&0!==b){for(c=0;c0?(d=new Array(b+1).join(this._templates[0]),this._controls.$indicators.append(d)):0>b&&this._controls.$indicators.children().slice(b).remove();this._controls.$indicators.find(".active").removeClass("active"),this._controls.$indicators.children().eq(a.inArray(this.current(),this._pages)).addClass("active")}this._controls.$indicators.toggle(e.dots)},b.prototype.onTrigger=function(b){var c=this._core.settings;b.page={index:a.inArray(this.current(),this._pages),count:this._pages.length,size:c&&(c.center||c.autoWidth||c.dotData?1:c.dotsEach||c.items)}},b.prototype.current=function(){var b=this._core.relative(this._core.current());return a.grep(this._pages,function(a){return a.start<=b&&a.end>=b}).pop()},b.prototype.getPosition=function(b){var c,d,e=this._core.settings;return"page"==e.slideBy?(c=a.inArray(this.current(),this._pages),d=this._pages.length,b?++c:--c,c=this._pages[(c%d+d)%d].start):(c=this._core.relative(this._core.current()),d=this._core.items().length,b?c+=e.slideBy:c-=e.slideBy),c},b.prototype.next=function(b){a.proxy(this._overrides.to,this._core)(this.getPosition(!0),b)},b.prototype.prev=function(b){a.proxy(this._overrides.to,this._core)(this.getPosition(!1),b)},b.prototype.to=function(b,c,d){var e;d?a.proxy(this._overrides.to,this._core)(b,c):(e=this._pages.length,a.proxy(this._overrides.to,this._core)(this._pages[(b%e+e)%e].start,c))},a.fn.owlCarousel.Constructor.Plugins.Navigation=b}(window.Zepto||window.jQuery,window,document),function(a,b){"use strict";var c=function(d){this._core=d,this._hashes={},this.$element=this._core.$element,this._handlers={"initialized.owl.carousel":a.proxy(function(){"URLHash"==this._core.settings.startPosition&&a(b).trigger("hashchange.owl.navigation")},this),"prepared.owl.carousel":a.proxy(function(b){var c=a(b.content).find("[data-hash]").andSelf("[data-hash]").attr("data-hash");this._hashes[c]=b.content},this)},this._core.options=a.extend({},c.Defaults,this._core.options),this.$element.on(this._handlers),a(b).on("hashchange.owl.navigation",a.proxy(function(){var a=b.location.hash.substring(1),c=this._core.$stage.children(),d=this._hashes[a]&&c.index(this._hashes[a])||0;return a?void this._core.to(d,!1,!0):!1},this))};c.Defaults={URLhashListener:!1},c.prototype.destroy=function(){var c,d;a(b).off("hashchange.owl.navigation");for(c in this._handlers)this._core.$element.off(c,this._handlers[c]);for(d in Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this))"function"!=typeof this[d]&&(this[d]=null)},a.fn.owlCarousel.Constructor.Plugins.Hash=c}(window.Zepto||window.jQuery,window,document); /*! Theia Sticky Sidebar | v1.7.0 - https://github.com/WeCodePixels/theia-sticky-sidebar */ (function($){$.fn.theiaStickySidebar=function(options){var defaults={'containerSelector':'','additionalMarginTop':0,'additionalMarginBottom':0,'updateSidebarHeight':true,'minWidth':0,'disableOnResponsiveLayouts':true,'sidebarBehavior':'modern','defaultPosition':'relative','namespace':'TSS'};options=$.extend(defaults,options);options.additionalMarginTop=parseInt(options.additionalMarginTop)||0;options.additionalMarginBottom=parseInt(options.additionalMarginBottom)||0;tryInitOrHookIntoEvents(options,this);function tryInitOrHookIntoEvents(options,$that){var success=tryInit(options,$that);if(!success){console.log('TSS: Body width smaller than options.minWidth. Init is delayed.');$(document).on('scroll.'+options.namespace,function(options,$that){return function(evt){var success=tryInit(options,$that);if(success){$(this).unbind(evt)}}}(options,$that));$(window).on('resize.'+options.namespace,function(options,$that){return function(evt){var success=tryInit(options,$that);if(success){$(this).unbind(evt)}}}(options,$that))}}function tryInit(options,$that){if(options.initialized===true){return true}if($('body').width().theiaStickySidebar:after {content: ""; display: table; clear: both;}'))}$that.each(function(){var o={};o.sidebar=$(this);o.options=options||{};o.container=$(o.options.containerSelector);if(o.container.length==0){o.container=o.sidebar.parent()}o.sidebar.parents().css('-webkit-transform','none');o.sidebar.css({'position':o.options.defaultPosition,'overflow':'visible','-webkit-box-sizing':'border-box','-moz-box-sizing':'border-box','box-sizing':'border-box'});o.stickySidebar=o.sidebar.find('.theiaStickySidebar');if(o.stickySidebar.length==0){var javaScriptMIMETypes=/(?:text|application)\/(?:x-)?(?:javascript|ecmascript)/i;o.sidebar.find('script').filter(function(index,script){return script.type.length===0||script.type.match(javaScriptMIMETypes)}).remove();o.stickySidebar=$('
').addClass('theiaStickySidebar').append(o.sidebar.children());o.sidebar.append(o.stickySidebar)}o.marginBottom=parseInt(o.sidebar.css('margin-bottom'));o.paddingTop=parseInt(o.sidebar.css('padding-top'));o.paddingBottom=parseInt(o.sidebar.css('padding-bottom'));var collapsedTopHeight=o.stickySidebar.offset().top;var collapsedBottomHeight=o.stickySidebar.outerHeight();o.stickySidebar.css('padding-top',1);o.stickySidebar.css('padding-bottom',1);collapsedTopHeight-=o.stickySidebar.offset().top;collapsedBottomHeight=o.stickySidebar.outerHeight()-collapsedBottomHeight-collapsedTopHeight;if(collapsedTopHeight==0){o.stickySidebar.css('padding-top',0);o.stickySidebarPaddingTop=0}else{o.stickySidebarPaddingTop=1}if(collapsedBottomHeight==0){o.stickySidebar.css('padding-bottom',0);o.stickySidebarPaddingBottom=0}else{o.stickySidebarPaddingBottom=1}o.previousScrollTop=null;o.fixedScrollTop=0;resetSidebar();o.onScroll=function(o){if(!o.stickySidebar.is(":visible")){return}if($('body').width()o.container.width()){resetSidebar();return}}var scrollTop=$(document).scrollTop();var position='static';if(scrollTop>=o.sidebar.offset().top+(o.paddingTop-o.options.additionalMarginTop)){var offsetTop=o.paddingTop+options.additionalMarginTop;var offsetBottom=o.paddingBottom+o.marginBottom+options.additionalMarginBottom;var containerTop=o.sidebar.offset().top;var containerBottom=o.sidebar.offset().top+getClearedHeight(o.container);var windowOffsetTop=0+options.additionalMarginTop;var windowOffsetBottom;var sidebarSmallerThanWindow=(o.stickySidebar.outerHeight()+offsetTop+offsetBottom)<$(window).height();if(sidebarSmallerThanWindow){windowOffsetBottom=windowOffsetTop+o.stickySidebar.outerHeight()}else{windowOffsetBottom=$(window).height()-o.marginBottom-o.paddingBottom-options.additionalMarginBottom}var staticLimitTop=containerTop-scrollTop+o.paddingTop;var staticLimitBottom=containerBottom-scrollTop-o.paddingBottom-o.marginBottom;var top=o.stickySidebar.offset().top-scrollTop;var scrollTopDiff=o.previousScrollTop-scrollTop;if(o.stickySidebar.css('position')=='fixed'){if(o.options.sidebarBehavior=='modern'){top+=scrollTopDiff}}if(o.options.sidebarBehavior=='stick-to-top'){top=options.additionalMarginTop}if(o.options.sidebarBehavior=='stick-to-bottom'){top=windowOffsetBottom-o.stickySidebar.outerHeight()}if(scrollTopDiff>0){top=Math.min(top,windowOffsetTop)}else{top=Math.max(top,windowOffsetBottom-o.stickySidebar.outerHeight())}top=Math.max(top,staticLimitTop);top=Math.min(top,staticLimitBottom-o.stickySidebar.outerHeight());var sidebarSameHeightAsContainer=o.container.height()==o.stickySidebar.outerHeight();if(!sidebarSameHeightAsContainer&&top==windowOffsetTop){position='fixed'}else if(!sidebarSameHeightAsContainer&&top==windowOffsetBottom-o.stickySidebar.outerHeight()){position='fixed'}else if(scrollTop+top-o.sidebar.offset().top-o.paddingTop<=options.additionalMarginTop){position='static'}else{position='absolute'}}if(position=='fixed'){var scrollLeft=$(document).scrollLeft();o.stickySidebar.css({'position':'fixed','width':getWidthForObject(o.stickySidebar)+'px','transform':'translateY('+top+'px)','left':(o.sidebar.offset().left+parseInt(o.sidebar.css('padding-left'))-scrollLeft)+'px','top':'0px'})}else if(position=='absolute'){var css={};if(o.stickySidebar.css('position')!='absolute'){css.position='absolute';css.transform='translateY('+(scrollTop+top-o.sidebar.offset().top-o.stickySidebarPaddingTop-o.stickySidebarPaddingBottom)+'px)';css.top='0px'}css.width=getWidthForObject(o.stickySidebar)+'px';css.left='';o.stickySidebar.css(css)}else if(position=='static'){resetSidebar()}if(position!='static'){if(o.options.updateSidebarHeight==true){o.sidebar.css({'min-height':o.stickySidebar.outerHeight()+o.stickySidebar.offset().top-o.sidebar.offset().top+o.paddingBottom})}}o.previousScrollTop=scrollTop};o.onScroll(o);$(document).on('scroll.'+o.options.namespace,function(o){return function(){o.onScroll(o)}}(o));$(window).on('resize.'+o.options.namespace,function(o){return function(){o.stickySidebar.css({'position':'static'});o.onScroll(o)}}(o));if(typeof ResizeSensor!=='undefined'){new ResizeSensor(o.stickySidebar[0],function(o){return function(){o.onScroll(o)}}(o))}function resetSidebar(){o.fixedScrollTop=0;o.sidebar.css({'min-height':'1px'});o.stickySidebar.css({'position':'static','width':'','transform':'none'})}function getClearedHeight(e){var height=e.height();e.children().each(function(){height=Math.max(height,$(this).height())});return height}})}function getWidthForObject(object){var width;try{width=object[0].getBoundingClientRect().width}catch(err){}if(typeof width==="undefined"){width=object.width()}return width}return this}})(jQuery); /*! Table of Contents | v0.4.0 - https://github.com/ndabas/toc */ !function(t){"use strict";var n=function(n){return this.each(function(){var e,i,a=t(this),o=a.data(),c=[a],r=this.tagName,d=0;e=t.extend({content:"body",headings:"h1,h2,h3"},{content:o.toc||void 0,headings:o.tocHeadings||void 0},n),i=e.headings.split(","),t(e.content).find(e.headings).attr("id",function(n,e){return e||function(t){0===t.length&&(t="?");for(var n=t.replace(/\s+/g,"_"),e="",i=1;null!==document.getElementById(n+e);)e="_"+i++;return n+e}(t(this).text())}).each(function(){var n=t(this),e=t.map(i,function(t,e){return n.is(t)?e:void 0})[0];if(e>d){var a=c[0].children("li:last")[0];a&&c.unshift(t("<"+r+"/>").appendTo(a))}else c.splice(0,Math.min(d-e,Math.max(c.length-1,0)));t("
  • ").appendTo(c[0]).append(t("").text(n.text()).attr("href","#"+n.attr("id"))),d=e})})},e=t.fn.toc;t.fn.toc=n,t.fn.toc.noConflict=function(){return t.fn.toc=e,this},t(function(){n.call(t("[data-toc]"))})}(window.jQuery); //]]>